This course provides a broad understanding of the theory, methods, tools and skills required for conducting analyses of: vulnerability and adaptation to climate variability and change (including extreme climatic events); and other environmental changes. It introduces the concept of climate change adaptation, highlights ways to measure vulnerability, introduces examples of adaptation solutions and summarizes how to prepare a planned response. Additionally, the course emphasizes the integration of disciplines and covers a range of subject matter, from biophysical environmental impacts to socio-economic effects. The course also addresses the whole complexity of climate change impacts, economics, abatement technologies, and policy solutions. It provides an overview of how the international legal and policy framework to address climate change developed over time and points out some of the key issues under negotiation as well as planning processes for climate change. The course will also explore how global discourse and plans for adaptation are translated into country level programmes and initiatives, such as National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and Local Adaptation Plan for Action (LAPAs).


This course provides advanced knowledge of the physical science underpinning climate and climate change through an integrated study of the Earth's climate system and its interactions. It examines atmospheric composition and dynamics, radiative transfer, global energy balance, atmospheric and ocean circulation, hydrological processes, climate variability, greenhouse gas dynamics, climate feedbacks, and the scientific basis of climate change. The course develops students' competence in analysing climate observations, interpreting climate datasets, evaluating climate models, understanding climate projections, and assessing uncertainty in climate science. It further introduces students to contemporary climate research, emerging climate monitoring technologies, climate services, and scientific communication through critical evaluation of peer-reviewed literature and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports. Emphasis is placed on integrating climate science with practical applications in climate-risk assessment, environmental management, adaptation planning, mitigation policy, and sustainable development through learner-centred approaches that promote analytical thinking, scientific inquiry, problem-solving, collaborative learning, and research.